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Niba uhagaritswe na Sustain LA mu ntangiriro za 2020, uzasangamo amahitamo menshi yangiza ibidukikije, urugo rurambye hamwe nibicuruzwa byawe bwite.Gupfunyika ibiryo byashashara, imipira yumye yumye, imigano yoza amenyo yimigano, indabyo zikomoka ku bimera - ikintu cyose ukeneye kugirango urangize umubano wawe wuburozi hamwe na plastiki imwe.Ibyiza bitinze kuruta mbere, sibyo?
Parike nziza ya butike ya Highland Park izobereye mubicuruzwa byangirika mumyanda (bitandukanye nibintu tugura).Ntukumve ko ufite icyaha niba utajyanye imyanda yawe yose muri kamwe.Intego hano ntabwo ari ugushaka abantu guta ibintu, ahubwo ni ukudufasha kugabanya imyanda dukora.Iki gikorwa ningirakamaro ubu nkuko byari bimeze mbere ya COVID-19.Ariko kubaho udafite imyanda byagize ikibazo gikomeye kubera ko icyorezo cy’icyorezo kizana imifuka yawe mu iduka ry’ibiribwa hamwe n’imifuka ibiri yo gufata.
Nubwo plastiki imwe rukumbi idakenewe byanze bikunze kuruta ubundi buryo bwakoreshwa, abaguzi benshi bahangayikishijwe no gukwirakwiza indwara barongera barayikoresha..
Ese Amerika yongeye kubyutsa plastike izaba urukundo rwigihe gito cyangwa gushyingirwa igihe kirekire?Igihe kizerekana.Hagati aho, ububiko bwa zeru buracyagerageza kudufasha kwirukana ingeso ya plastike.
Leslie Campbell washinze Sustain LA ntashobora guhanura ibizaza, ariko azi ko ububiko bwe bwahindutse cyane mu mwaka.
Ububiko buracyagurisha ibikoresho by'imigano hamwe n'ibyuma bidafite ingese, ariko Campbell ati: "ibyo bicuruzwa byagabanutse vuba."Ati: “Isuku y'intoki, ibikoresho byo kumesa hamwe n'isuku y'intoki, ubu hari ibicuruzwa byinshi.”
Kugira ngo iyi mpinduka ihinduke, Campbell, kimwe nabandi benshi bafite amaduka kama, bagombaga guhuza imiterere yubucuruzi bwabo mugihe cyanditse.
Mbere y’icyorezo, Sustain LA yatanze sitasiyo ya lisansi mu iduka aho abakiriya bashoboraga kuzana ibikoresho byongera gukoreshwa (cyangwa kugura aho) hanyuma bakongera bagasubira ku isuku yangiza ibidukikije, amasabune, shampo n'amavuta yo kwisiga.Barashobora kandi kugura ibintu byongera gukoreshwa cyangwa ibinyabuzima bishobora kwangirika nkibyatsi ndetse no koza amenyo.Sustain LA kandi ikodesha ibikoresho byo mu kirahure, abatanga ibinyobwa, amasahani n'ibikoresho byo gufasha abakiriya kugabanya imyanda y'ibyabaye.
Campbell ati: "Hamwe n'ubukode, twagize ibihe by'ubukwe mu mpeshyi no mu mpeshyi kandi abashakanye bose bahagaritse cyangwa bahinduye gahunda".
Nubwo guhaha mu iduka byahagaritswe igihe Intara ya Los Angeles yatangaga icyemezo cya mbere cyo kuguma mu rugo hagati muri Werurwe, Sustain LA yemerewe gukomeza gufungura kuko igurisha ibintu nk’isabune hamwe n’imyenda yo kumesa.
Ati: "Twagize amahirwe.Tumaze iminsi itari mike dutumiza kuri terefone, dufotora ibyiciro byose kandi dushiraho iduka rya interineti ".
Campbell yashyizeho sisitemu yo gukoraho idakoraho muri parikingi yububiko, itanga ibintu nkisabune na shampoo mubikoresho by ibirahure byongera gukoreshwa abakiriya bashobora gusubiza kubitsa.Ikipe ye yaguye serivisi zo gutanga no kugabanya ibiciro byo kohereza.Bakoranye n’ishami ry’ubuzima rusange ry’intara ya Los Angeles, maze muri Kanama, abakiriya bahabwa uruhushya rwo kugarura ibikoresho bya Campbell bisukuye mu iduka kugira ngo byandurwe kandi byuzure.
Imbere yububiko bwavuye mubintu bishimishije byibicuruzwa kama mububiko bwuzuye abantu.Campbell n'abakozi be umunani bazana ibicuruzwa bitari imyanda bishingiye kubyo umukiriya asaba.Ku isonga kurutonde ni ibikinisho byinjangwe bikozwe muri catnip nubwoya.Ndetse ninjangwe zirashobora kurambirwa muri karantine.
Campbell yagize ati: "Twagize ibyo tunonosora mu nzira."Ubukode bwibikorwa bito byatangiye kwiyongera mugihe cyizuba n'itumba, ariko byakomeje guhagarara nyuma yuko amabwiriza mashya yo gucumbika atangwa mu Gushyingo.Kuva ku ya 21 Ukuboza, Sustain LA irakinguye mu iduka ryongeye kugarurwa no gutanga serivisi kubakiriya, ariko kubakiriya babiri icyarimwe.Bakomeje kandi gutanga serivisi zitaboneka kandi zitanga hanze.Kandi abakiriya bakomeza kuza.
Hanze y'icyorezo, kuva Sustain LA yafungura mu 2009, intego nyamukuru ya Campbell kwari ukworohereza abantu kwikuramo plastike, ariko ntibyoroshye.
Muri 2018, Amerika yinjije toni zigera kuri miliyoni 292.4 z'imyanda ikomeye ya komini, ni ukuvuga ibiro 4.9 ku muntu ku munsi.Mu myaka mike ishize, urwego rwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa mu gihugu cyacu rwahindutse ku rwego rwa 35%.Ugereranije, igipimo cyo gutunganya ibicuruzwa mu Budage kiri hafi 68%.
Umuyobozi mukuru ushinzwe umutungo mu Nama y'igihugu ishinzwe umutungo, Darby Hoover yagize ati: "Nk'igihugu, turi babi cyane mu gutunganya ibicuruzwa."“Ntabwo dukora neza.”
Mugihe hari inzitizi zavanyweho - Amaduka y’ibiribwa ya Californiya yagarutse gukoresha imifuka ikoreshwa, kabone niyo waba ugomba kuyikoresha mu gupakira ibiribwa byawe - umusaruro w’imyanda ya pulasitike uragenda wiyongera mu gihugu hose.Lobby ishyigikiye plastike irimo gukoresha icyorezo n’impungenge zayo ku ngamba z’isuku kugira ngo hirindwe ibihano bya pulasitiki mbere ya COVID-19.
Mbere ya Covid-19, kurwanya plastike muri Amerika byariyongereye, leta nyuma yuko leta ibuza ibintu bikoreshwa rimwe nk'imifuka y'ibiribwa bya pulasitike.Mu myaka icumi ishize, amaduka ya zeru yagaragaye mu mijyi minini ku isi, harimo New York, Vancouver, London, na Los Angeles.
Intsinzi yububiko bwa Zeru iterwa nabaguzi.Ababikora benshi ntibigeze bita kubipfunyika ubusa, bidakenewe - kandi n'ubu ntibabyitaho.
Mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya 20, amaduka acururizwamo abanditsi yari akamenyero mbere yuko amasoko aba “super”.Iyo winjiye muri aya mangazini, utanga urutonde rwubucuruzi hanyuma umukarani akusanya ibintu byose kuri wewe, upima ibintu nkisukari nifu biva mubiseke.
John Stanton, umwarimu wamamaza ibicuruzwa muri kaminuza ya Mutagatifu Yozefu muri Philadelphiya yagize ati: "Icyo gihe, niba wifuzaga umufuka w'ibiro 25 by'isukari, ntiwitaye ku wagurishije, witaye gusa ku giciro cyiza."
Ibintu byose byarahindutse mu 1916 ubwo Clarence Saunders yafunguraga isoko rya mbere rya Piggly Wiggly i Memphis, muri Tennesse.Kugira ngo agabanye amafaranga yo gukora, yirukanye abakozi bo mu iduka maze akora icyitegererezo cyo guhahira wenyine.Abakiriya barashobora gufata igare ryubucuruzi hanyuma bagahitamo ibicuruzwa byapakiwe mububiko bwiza.Abaguzi ntibagomba gutegereza abagurisha, bikiza igihe.
Stanton yagize ati: "Gupakira ni nk'umugurisha."Noneho ko abanditsi batagikusanya ibicuruzwa kubantu, ibicuruzwa bigomba gukurura abaguzi babihindura ibyapa bito.Ati: "Ibigo bigomba kwerekana impamvu ugomba kugura isukari yacu ntabwo ari ibindi bicuruzwa".
Ibipapuro byahujwe byabayeho mbere yububiko bwibiryo byikorera wenyine, ariko igihe Saunders yatangizaga Piggly Wiggly, ibigo byongereye imbaraga kugirango ibyo bipfunyika bigaragare.Stanton atanga kuki nkurugero.Kuki yoroshye ubu ikeneye ibice bibiri byo gupakira: imwe kugirango ikomeze igutegereze hamwe niyamamaza ubwayo.
Intambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose yahatiye abayikora kunoza ibyo bapakira.Umuhanga mu by'amateka rusange akaba n'umuhanga mu bishushanyo mbonera Corey Bernath asobanura ko mu gihe cy'intambara, guverinoma ihuriweho na leta yasunikiraga abayikora gukora ibiryo biramba bishobora koherezwa ku basirikare ari benshi.Nyuma y'intambara, ayo masosiyete yakomeje gukora ibyo bicuruzwa no kubipakira ku isoko rya gisivili.
Ati: "Nibyiza kubucuruzi, biteguye kubyaza umusaruro ibikoresho.Wongeye kugurisha ukongera ukabisubiramo, na voila, ufite foromaje yoroheje na nimugoroba ya TV, ”Burnett.
Abakora ibiryo bibanda ku kwishyira hamwe no gukora neza.Plastike yoroshye kandi iramba ibafasha kugera kuri izi ntego.Bernat yerekana kugereranya amacupa yikirahure na plastike kuva 1960 na 1970.Mbere yuko haza plastike, isoko yashishikarije abakiriya gusubiza amacupa yikirahure no kwishyura inguzanyo kugirango abayikora bashobore kuyakoresha.Bifata igihe nubutunzi, niyo mpamvu abamoteri bahindutse plastike, itavunika nkikirahure kandi yoroshye.Abaguzi mu kinyejana cya 20 rwagati bakundaga plastiki.Nukuri mubyukuri bya siyanse, ikimenyetso cyerekana imikorere ya misile kandi igezweho.
Ati: “Nyuma y'intambara, abantu batekerezaga ko ibiryo byabitswe byari bifite isuku kuruta ibiryo bishya cyangwa bikonje.Muri icyo gihe, abantu bafatanyaga gushya no kugira isuku no gupakira ”, Burnett.Supermarkets zitangiye gupakira ibiryo muri plastiki kugirango zihangane nibicuruzwa bitunganijwe neza.
Abashoramari bashishikarizwa gukoresha plastiki.Ati: “Twakundaga gukoresha ibintu, ariko ibigo byahinduye ibyo.Ikintu cyose gishobora gukoreshwa ni icyawe kandi ushobora kujugunya kure utabanje kubitekerezaho ”, Burnett.
Campbell wa Sustain LA yagize ati: "Hariho amategeko make cyane atuma abakora ibicuruzwa babazwa ubuzima bwabo bwose."
Muri Reta zunzubumwe za Amerika, amakomine arafise uruhara runini mu guteza imbere no gutera inkunga gahunda zabo zo gutunganya.Igice cyaya mafranga ava mubasoreshwa, igice cyo kugurisha ibikoresho bitunganijwe.
Mugihe umubare munini wabanyamerika bafite uburyo bunoze bwo gutunganya ibicuruzwa, haba gukuraho curbside, guta ishuri, cyangwa guhuza byombi, benshi muritwe dukora "amagare yifuza."Niba twibwira ko ishobora gutunganywa, tujugunya muri binini yubururu.
Kubwamahirwe, gutunganya ibintu ntabwo byoroshye.Imifuka y'ibiryo bya plastiki, nubwo ikoreshwa muburyo bwa tekiniki, irinda ibikoresho byo gutunganya gukora akazi kabo.Ibikoresho byo gufata hamwe nudusanduku twiza twa pizza usanga akenshi byandujwe nibisigara byibiribwa kuburyo bidashobora gukoreshwa.
Hoover yavuze ko ababikora batemeza ko ibipfunyika bakora bishobora gukoreshwa neza.Fata nk'urugero, agasanduku k'umutobe.Hoover avuga ko ubusanzwe bikozwe mu ruvange rw'impapuro, aluminium, plastike na kole.Mubyukuri, ibyinshi muribi bikoresho birashobora gukoreshwa.Hoover yagize ati: "Ariko mu byukuri ni inzozi mbi."
Ibicuruzwa bikozwe mubikoresho bitandukanye bigize ibintu biragoye kubitunganya murwego runini.Nubwo waba ufite ibintu bikozwe mubwoko bumwe bwa plastike, nk'amacupa ya soda hamwe na yogurt, ntibishobora gukoreshwa hamwe.
Hoover yagize ati: "Amacupa arashobora guterwa inshinge kandi ibikoresho bya yogurt birashobora guterwa inshinge, bizahindura aho bishonga".
Kugira ngo ibibazo birusheho gukomera, Ubushinwa bwigeze gutunganya hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy’imyanda itunganywa ku isi, ntibwakiriye imyanda myinshi y’igihugu cyacu.Muri 2017, Ubushinwa bwatangaje ko hashyizweho imipaka ku mubare w'imyanda yafashwe.Muri Mutarama 2018, Ubushinwa bwabujije kwinjiza amoko menshi ya pulasitike n'impapuro, kandi ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa mu mahanga bigomba kuba byujuje ubuziranenge bw’umwanda.
Hoover yagize ati: "Ntabwo dufite urwego ruke rw’umwanda muri sisitemu yacu."“Kubera ko impuzandengo y'Abanyamerika isubirwamo ikoreshwa mu binini binini, impapuro z'agaciro zicaye iruhande rw'utwo dusanduku twafashe amavuta akenshi usanga ziterwa n'umuriro.Biragoye kubahiriza ayo mahame. ”
Ahubwo, ibishobora gukoreshwa byigeze koherezwa mu Bushinwa bizoherezwa mu myanda, bibikwa mu bubiko, cyangwa byoherezwa mu bindi bihugu (ahari Aziya y'Amajyepfo y'Uburasirazuba).Ndetse na bimwe muri ibyo bihugu, nka Maleziya, birirwa n'ingaruka z’ibidukikije by’imyanda itagira iherezo kandi batangiye kuvuga ngo oya.Mugihe tuzamura ibikorwa remezo byimbere mu gihugu kugirango dusubize Ubushinwa, duhura nikibazo: nigute dushobora guhagarika guteza imyanda myinshi?
Campbell n'umuryango we babayeho imyaka icumi mubuzima bwa zeru.Avuga ko byoroshye gukuraho imbuto zimanitse, zikoreshwa rimwe gusa nk'imifuka yo guhaha, amacupa y'amazi n'ibikoresho byo gufata.Ikibazo ni ugusimbuza ibikoresho byo murugo nko kumesa, shampoo na deodorant mubikoresho bya plastiki biramba.
“Inkongoro ubwayo iracyari ikintu cyingirakamaro kandi kiramba.Gusa ntibyumvikana kujugunya kure cyane ”.Sustain LA yavutse.
Campbell avuga ko kongera gukoresha ari ngombwa ku myanda ya zeru.Amabati yo kumesa ya plastiki ntashobora kuba nka Instagram nkibikoresho byiza byikirahure, ariko nukoresha no kuzuza iyi behemoth nini, urashobora kuyirinda umutekano wimyanda.Ndetse hamwe niyi ntambwe-ku-ntambwe yo gutunganya ibintu, urashobora gukomeza gukumira ibintu-bikoreshwa rimwe bikarangirira mu myanda.
Daniel Riley wo mu bubiko rusange bwa Riley, budafite amatafari n'amatafari ariko atanga ibicuruzwa mu kibaya cya San Gabriel, yumva akamaro ko kwimukira mu myanda ya zeru.
Ati: “Turi mu buzima buhuze cyane kandi ntitugomba gushyira imyanda yacu mu kirahure cy'ikirahure mu mpera z'umwaka.Ibigo bigomba kubiryozwa gukora ibicuruzwa biramba ”, Riley.
Kugeza icyo gihe, izibanda ku kuzuza amazu arambye n'ibicuruzwa byita ku muntu.
Ati: “Intego yanjye ni ugutanga inyongeramusaruro zihendutse no kuyegera nkoresheje uburyo bumwe bwo gutanga ibicuruzwa abantu bo mu karere kanjye bakeneye cyane”.
Kububiko rusange bwa Riley, bwijihije isabukuru yambere yUgushyingo, gufunga muri Werurwe byatumye abakiriya bakeneye cyane cyane kumesa no kumesa.
Riley yagize ati: "Byagenze neza kuko ibyo natanze bimaze kuba ntaho bihuriye." Yongeyeho ko kuri ubu atishyuza amafaranga yo kubyara.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-03-2023