Buri mwaka, impuzandengo y'Abanyamerika yarya hejuru y'ibiro birenga 250 by'imyanda ya plastike, ibyinshi biva mu gupakira. None dukora iki nibi byose?
Amabati yimyanda ni igice cyigisubizo, ariko benshi muritwe ntibumva icyo tugomba gushirayo. Ibikorwa mu muryango umwe birashobora kuba imyanda muyindi.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwimikorere bureba bimwe muri sisitemu yo gutunganya plastiki bigamije gufatwa no gusobanura impamvu ibindi bipasi bya plastiki bidakwiye gutabwa mumyanda.
Mu iduka twasanze ritwikiriye imboga, inyama na foromaje. Birasanzwe ariko ntibishobora gutuzwa kuko bigoye guta ibikoresho byo kugarura ibikoresho (MRFS). Ubwoko bwa MRF, paki na igurisha ibintu byakusanyijwe mumazu, ibiro hamwe nibindi bibanza binyuze muri gahunda za leta na progaramu yigenga. Filime yakomeretse ibikoresho, bigatuma ibikorwa bihagarara.
Plastike nto, hafi ya santimetero 3 cyangwa irenga, nayo irashobora gutera ibibazo mugihe itunganya ibikoresho. Amashusho yimifuka, pill abipfunyitse, imifuka igaragara - ibi bice bito byose bifatanye cyangwa kugwa ku mukandara n'ibikoresho by'imashini ya MRF. Kubera iyo mpamvu, bafatwa nkimyanda. Abakoresha ba pulasitike tamson ntabwo bagenzurwa, barajugunywa gusa.
Ubu bwoko bwa paki yarumye umukandara wa MRF Convestior arangiza yangiza kandi avanze nimpapuro, ahindura imirongo yose idasabwa.
Nubwo imifuka ikusanyijwe kandi itandukanijwe na recycle, ntamuntu uzabagura kuko nta gicuruzwa cyingirakamaro cyangwa isoko ryanyuma kuri ubu bwoko bwa plastiki nyamara.
Gupakira byoroshye, nkibisaga bya Chip, bikozwe mubice byubwoko butandukanye bwa plastiki, mubisanzwe hamwe na aluminium. Ntibishoboka gutandukanya ibice no gufata resin yifuzwa.
Ntabwo bigaruwe. Amabaruwa-Itondekanya Recycling Ibigo nka Terracycle vuga ko bizafata bimwe muribi bintu.
Kimwe nibipaki byoroshye, ibi bikoresho bitera ikibazo cyo gusubiramo sisitemu kuko bikozwe muburyo butandukanye bwa plastike: label yaka cyane ni ubwoko bwa pulasitike, hamwe nigikoresho cyumutekano ni ubundi bwoko bwa plastiki.
Ubu ni ubwoko bwibintu sisitemu yo gusubiramo yagenewe inzira. Ibikoresho birakomeye, ntugashidika nkimpapuro, kandi bikozwe muri plastike abakora barashobora kugurisha byoroshye kubintu nkibitapi, imyambaro yubwoya, ndetse n'amacupa menshi ya pulasitike.
Kubijyanye n'umutwe, bamwe batoranije ibigo biteza abantu babishyiramo, mugihe abandi bakeneye abantu kubikuramo. Ibi biterwa nibikoresho biboneka mubikoresho byaho. Ibipfundikiro birashobora kuba bibi niba ubikomeje kandi MRF ntishobora kubyitwaramo. Amacupa akorerwa igitutu kinini mugihe cyo gutoranya no gupakira, bishobora gutera ingofero gutandukana kumuvuduko mwinshi, birashoboka gutera abakozi. Ariko, izindi MRFS zishobora gufata no gusubiramo izi caps. Baza icyo ikigo cyaho cyaho.
Amacupa hamwe ningofero cyangwa gufungura ni ubunini cyangwa buto kurenza inzu yicupa birashobora gukoreshwa. Amacupa yakoreshejwe mu kumesa no kwita ku bicuruzwa bwite nka Shampoo n'isabune birasubirwamo. Niba inama itera ikubiyemo ibyuma, ikayikuraho no kuyijugunya mumyanda. Hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyamacupa ya plastike yose yongeye gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bishya.
Ikwirakwizwa rya Flip rikozwe muburyo bumwe bwa plastike nkibinyobwa binini, ariko ntabwo buri recycle irashobora kubyitwaramo. Ni ukubera ko imiterere ya Clamshell igira ingaruka kumiterere ya plastiki, bigatuma bigorana.
Urashobora kubona ko cot nibindi bikoresho byinshi bya plastike bifite numero imbere muri mpandeshatu hamwe numwambi. Iyi gahunda yo kugereranya kuva 1 kugeza 7 yitwa Kode iranga resin. Yatejwe imbere mu mpera za 1980 kugirango ifashe ibitunganya (ntabwo abaguzi) kumenya ubwoko bwa resin ikozwe muri plastike. Ibi ntibisobanura byanze bikunze ko ikintu gisubirwamo.
Barashobora gusubirwamo kenshi kumuhanda, ariko ntabwo buri gihe. Reba aho. Sukura igituba mbere yo kubishyira muri tray.
Ibi bikoresho mubisanzwe birangwa na 5 imbere muri mpandeshatu. Ubwiherero busanzwe bukozwe mu ruvange rwa phostique zitandukanye. Ibi bituma bigora kubisubiramo kugurisha amasosiyete ahitamo gukoresha ubwoko bumwe bwa plastike kubisabwe.
Ariko, ibi ntabwo buri gihe aribyo. Gucunga imyanda, gukusanya imyanda hamwe na sosiyete ya recycling, yavuze ko yakoranye nuwabikoze yahinduye yogurt, amavuta asharira mumabati yisiga irangi, mubindi.
Styrofoam, nkiyakoreshejwe mu gupakira inyama cyangwa amakarito yamagi, ahanini ni umwuka. Imashini idasanzwe irakenewe kugirango ikureho umwuka no kunyagura ibikoresho mubice cyangwa ibice byo kugurisha. Ibicuruzwa bizwi bidafite agaciro gake kuko ibintu bito cyane biguma nyuma yuko umwuka ukurwaho.
Imijyi minini yo muri Amerika yabujije ifuro rya pulasitike. Uyu mwaka, leta ya Maine na Maryland bahagaritse kubuza ibikoresho byo kurya bya Polystyrene.
Ariko, imiryango imwe n'imwe ifite sitasiyo isubiramo stryrofoam ishobora gukorwa mububiko n'amashusho.
Imifuka ya pulasitike - nkibikoreshwa mugupfunyika imigati, ibinyamakuru n'ibinyampeke, hamwe nimifuka ya sandwich, imifuka yumye, hamwe namashashi ameze nka firime ya plastike ugereranije nibikoresho bya plastike. Ariko, imifuka no gupfunyika, nk'igitambaro cy'impapuro, birashobora gusubizwa mu iduka ry'ibiribwa kugirango dusubirwemo. Filime zoroheje.
Iminyururu ikomeye mu gihugu hose, harimo na Walmart n'intego, ifite amabati agera kuri 18.000. Aba bacuruzi bohereza plastike kugirango basubize ibikoresho nkibicuruzwa nka laminate.
Howskycycyralcycle Ibirango bigaragara kubicuruzwa byinshi mubidubunge byibiribwa. Yaremwe hamwe nimpu zipamba rirambye hamwe nishyirahamwe ridaharanira inyungu ryitwa GreenBlue, label igamije gutanga abaguzi amabwiriza asobanutse yerekeye recyclabity yo gupakira. GreenBlue ivuga ko hari ibirango birenga 2,500 mukuzenguruka ibicuruzwa bivuye mumasanduku y'ibinyampeke kugera mu isuku yumusako.
Kubara cyane. Amafaranga amwe aterwa inkunga neza mubice binini. Bimwe muribi bikorwa na komine. Ibisigaye ni ibigo bito byigenga.
Ibisubizo byatandukanijwe bikandanwa mu mavuko kandi bigurishwa ku bigo byo gukoresha ibikoresho byo gukora ibindi bicuruzwa, nk'imyenda cyangwa ibikoresho, cyangwa ibikoresho bya pulasitike.
Gusubiramo ibyifuzo bisa nkaho bidasanzwe cyane kuko buri bucuruzi bukora muburyo butandukanye. Bafite ibikoresho bitandukanye nibikoresho bitandukanye bya plastiki, kandi aya masoko ahora ahinduka.
Gutunganya ni ubucuruzi aho ibicuruzwa bikabije kubisigaje mumasoko yibicuruzwa. Rimwe na rimwe, birahendutse kubapakira kugirango bature ibicuruzwa muri plastiki ya lugi kuruta kugura plastiki.
Imwe mu mpamvu zikamba cyane gupakira plastiki ziba zibanziriza incunerate, imyanda hamwe ninyanja ni uko bidagenewe gukoreshwa. Abakoresha MRF bavuga ko bakorana nabakora kugirango bakore ikipfundikire bishobora gutungwa mubushobozi bwa sisitemu iriho.
Ntabwo kandi dusubiramo byinshi bishoboka. Amacupa ya plastike, kurugero, nibicuruzwa byifuzwa byo kugarura, ariko hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyamacupa ya plastike arangirira mumabati.
Ni ukuvuga, ntabwo ari "loop y'ibyifuzo." Ntugaterera ibintu nk'amatara, bateri, imyanda yubuvuzi, hamwe nimpapuro zabana mumijyi yumuhanda. (Ariko, bimwe muribi bintu birashobora gutungwa ukoresheje gahunda itandukanye. Nyamuneka reba aho.)
Gutunganya bisobanura kuba abitabiriye ubucuruzi bwisi yose. Buri mwaka ubucuruzi bugaragaza amamiriyoni amagana ya plastiki. Muri 2018, Ubushinwa bwahagaritse gutumiza imyanda myinshi muri Amerika, none ubu urunigi rwikora rwa plastike yose - ruva mu nganda za peteroli - rufite igitutu cyo kumenya icyo gukora.
Gutunganya wenyine ntibizakemura ikibazo cyimyanda, ariko benshi babona ko ari igice cyingenzi cyingamba rusange nacyo kirimo gupakira no gusimbuza gukoresha ibintu bimwe.
Iki kintu cyashyizweho mbere ku ya 21 Kanama 2019. Ibi ni igice cya "umuraba wa plastike" wa NPR ", wibanda ku ngaruka z'imyanda ya plastike ku bidukikije.
Igihe cya nyuma: Jul-31-2023