Buri mwaka, impuzandengo y'Abanyamerika ikoresha ibiro bisaga 250 by'imyanda ya pulasitike, inyinshi muri zo zikomoka mu gupakira.None dukora ibi byose?
Amabati yimyanda ni kimwe mubisubizo, ariko benshi muritwe ntibumva icyo dushyiramo.Ibishobora gukoreshwa mumuryango umwe birashobora kuba imyanda mubindi.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwibanze burareba bumwe muri sisitemu yo gutunganya plastike igamije kuvurwa ikanasobanura impamvu ibindi bipfunyika bya pulasitike bitagomba gutabwa mu myanda.
Mu iduka twasanze irimo imboga, inyama na foromaje.Birasanzwe ariko ntibishobora kubyazwa umusaruro kuko biragoye kujugunya mubikoresho byo kugarura ibikoresho (MRFs).MRF itondekanya, ipakira kandi igurisha ibintu byakusanyirijwe mumazu, mubiro nahandi hantu binyuze muri gahunda za leta n’abikorera ku giti cyabo.Filime yakomerekeje ibikoresho, bituma ibikorwa bihagarara.
Plastike ntoya, hafi santimetero 3 cyangwa munsi yayo, irashobora kandi guteza ibibazo mugihe cyo gutunganya ibikoresho.Amashashi yimigati yimyenda, ibipfunyika byibinini, imifuka ya condiment ikoreshwa - ibi bice bito byose bifata cyangwa bikagwa kumukandara nibikoresho bya mashini ya MRF.Nkigisubizo, bafatwa nkimyanda.Abasaba plastike ya tampon ntibashobora gukoreshwa, bajugunywa kure.
Ubu bwoko bwa pake bwerekeje kumukandara wa convoyeur ya MRF burangira bwabuze kandi buvangwa nimpapuro, bituma bale yose idashoboka.
Nubwo imifuka yakusanyirizwa hamwe igatandukanywa na recyclers, ntamuntu uzayigura kuko nta bicuruzwa byingirakamaro cyangwa isoko ryanyuma kuri ubu bwoko bwa plastiki.
Gupakira byoroshye, nkibikapu byibirayi, bikozwe mubice bitandukanye bya plastiki, mubisanzwe hamwe na aluminiyumu.Ntibishoboka gutandukanya ibice byoroshye no gufata resin wifuza.
Ntibishobora gukoreshwa.Amasosiyete atunganya ibicuruzwa nka Mail nka TerraCycle avuga ko bazasubiza bimwe mubintu.
Kimwe no gupakira byoroshye, ibyo bikoresho bitera imbogamizi kuri sisitemu yo gutunganya ibintu kuko bikozwe muburyo butandukanye bwa plastiki: ikirango kibengerana ni ubwoko bumwe bwa plastiki, umupira wumutekano nubundi, naho ibikoresho bya swivel nubundi bwoko bwa plastiki.
Ubu ni ubwoko bwibintu sisitemu yogusubiramo yagenewe gutunganywa.Ibikoresho birakomeye, ntibisibanganye nkimpapuro, kandi bikozwe muri plastiki abayikora bashobora kugurisha byoroshye kubintu nka tapi, imyenda yubwoya, ndetse nuducupa twinshi twa plastike.
Kubijyanye no kwambara imitwe, ibigo bimwe byo gutondeka biteze ko abantu babishyiraho, mugihe ibindi bisaba abantu kubikuramo.Ibi biterwa nibikoresho biboneka mugace kawe gashinzwe gutunganya.Umupfundikizo urashobora kuba mubi mugihe ukomeje gufungura kandi MRF ntishobora kubyitwaramo.Amacupa akorerwa umuvuduko mwinshi mugihe cyo gutondeka no gupakira, bishobora gutera imipira kumeneka kumuvuduko mwinshi, bikaba bishobora guteza abakozi.Ariko, izindi MRF zirashobora gufata no gutunganya iyi capa.Baza icyo ikigo cyawe gikunda.
Amacupa afite ingofero cyangwa gufungura bifite ubunini bumwe cyangwa buto kurenza umusingi w'icupa birashobora gukoreshwa.Amacupa akoreshwa mumyenda yo kumesa hamwe nibicuruzwa byawe bwite nka shampoo nisabune birashobora gukoreshwa.Niba inama ya spray irimo isoko yicyuma, iyikureho uyijugunye mumyanda.Hafi ya kimwe cya gatatu cyamacupa ya plastike yongeye gukoreshwa mubicuruzwa bishya.
Hejuru ya flip ikozwe mubwoko bumwe bwa plastike nk'amacupa y'ibinyobwa, ariko ntabwo buri mucuruzi ashobora kubyitwaramo.Ibi biterwa nuko imiterere ya clamshell igira ingaruka kumiterere ya plastiki, bigatuma kuyikoresha bigorana.
Urashobora kubona ko akazu nibindi bikoresho byinshi bya pulasitike bifite numero imbere muri mpandeshatu hamwe numwambi.Sisitemu yo kubara kuva 1 kugeza 7 yitwa kode iranga resin.Yakozwe mu mpera za 1980 kugirango ifashe abatunganya (ntabwo ari abaguzi) kumenya ubwoko bwa resin plastiki ikozwe.Ibi ntibisobanura byanze bikunze ko ikintu gishobora gukoreshwa.
Birashobora gukoreshwa cyane kumuhanda, ariko ntabwo buri gihe.Reba aho hantu.Sukura igituba mbere yo kugishyira muri tray.
Ibyo bikoresho mubisanzwe birangwa na 5 imbere muri mpandeshatu.Ubwogero busanzwe bukozwe mu ruvange rwa plastiki zitandukanye.Ibi bituma bigora abayitunganya kugurisha ibigo byifuza gukoresha ubwoko bumwe bwa plastike kugirango bibyare umusaruro.
Ariko, ntabwo buri gihe aribyo.Imicungire y’imyanda, isosiyete ikusanya imyanda nogutunganya ibicuruzwa, yavuze ko ikorana n’uruganda rwahinduye yogurt, amavuta yo kwisiga hamwe n’amavuta y’amavuta mo amabati, n'ibindi.
Styrofoam, nkiyakoreshejwe mu gupakira inyama cyangwa amakarito yamagi, ni umwuka.Imashini idasanzwe irakenewe kugirango ikureho umwuka hanyuma igabanye ibikoresho muri patties cyangwa ibice byo kugurisha.Ibicuruzwa bibyibushye bifite agaciro gake kuko ibintu bike cyane bisigara nyuma yumwuka.
Imijyi myinshi yo muri Amerika yabujije ifuro rya pulasitike.Muri uyu mwaka gusa, leta za Maine na Maryland zafashe icyemezo cyo kubuza ibiryo bya polystirene.
Nyamara, abaturage bamwe bafite sitasiyo itunganya styrofoam ishobora gukorwa mubishushanyo no kumurongo.
Imifuka ya pulasitike - nk'iyakoreshwaga mu gupfunyika imigati, ibinyamakuru n'ibinyampeke, hamwe n'imifuka ya sandwich, imifuka yo koza yumye, n'amashashi y'ibiribwa - bitera ibibazo nk'ibya firime ya plastike ugereranije n'ibikoresho byo gutunganya.Ariko, imifuka nipfunyika, nkimpapuro zo kumpapuro, birashobora gusubizwa mububiko bw'ibiribwa kugirango bisubirwemo.Filime ntoya ntishobora.
Iminyururu minini y'ibiribwa mu gihugu hose, harimo Walmart na Target, ifite ibinini bya pulasitike bigera ku 18.000.Aba bacuruzi bohereza plastike kubisubiramo bakoresha ibikoresho mubicuruzwa nka laminate hasi.
How2Recycle labels igaragara kubicuruzwa byinshi mububiko bw'ibiribwa.Ryakozwe na Sustainable Packaging Coalition hamwe n’umuryango udaharanira inyungu utunganya inyungu witwa GreenBlue, ikirango kigamije guha abakiriya amabwiriza asobanutse neza kubijyanye no gutunganya ibicuruzwa.GreenBlue ivuga ko hari ibirango birenga 2500 bikwirakwizwa ku bicuruzwa kuva ku dusanduku tw’ibinyampeke kugeza ku musarani.
MRF ziratandukanye cyane.Amafaranga ya mutuelle aterwa inkunga nkigice cyibigo binini.Bamwe muribo bayoborwa namakomine.Ibisigaye ni imishinga mito yigenga.
Ibicuruzwa bitandukanijwe bitandukanijwe bikanda mumigozi hanyuma bigurishwa mubigo bikoresha ibikoresho kugirango bikore ibindi bicuruzwa, nk'imyenda cyangwa ibikoresho, cyangwa ibindi bikoresho bya pulasitiki.
Gusubiramo ibyifuzo birashobora gusa nkibidasanzwe kuko buri bucuruzi bukora ukundi.Bafite ibikoresho bitandukanye n'amasoko atandukanye ya plastiki, kandi ayo masoko ahora atera imbere.
Gusubiramo ni ubucuruzi aho ibicuruzwa byoroha guhindagurika kumasoko yibicuruzwa.Rimwe na rimwe, bihendutse kubapakira gukora ibicuruzwa biva muri plastiki yisugi kuruta kugura plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa.
Imwe mumpamvu nyinshi zipakira plastike zirangirira mumuriro, imyanda hamwe ninyanja nuko itagenewe gukoreshwa.Abakozi ba MRF bavuga ko bakorana n’abakora mu gukora ibicuruzwa bishobora gutunganywa mu bushobozi bwa sisitemu iriho.
Ntabwo kandi dusubiramo ibintu byinshi bishoboka.Amacupa ya plastike, kurugero, nigicuruzwa cyifuzwa kubitunganya, ariko hafi kimwe cya gatatu cyamacupa ya plastike arangirira mumabati.
Ni ukuvuga, ntabwo ari “uruziga rw'ibyifuzo.”Ntugaterere ibintu nk'amatara, bateri, imyanda yo kwa muganga, hamwe n'impinja zabana mumabati.(Ariko, bimwe muribi bintu birashobora gukoreshwa hifashishijwe porogaramu itandukanye. Nyamuneka reba hano.)
Gusubiramo bisobanura kuba umuntu ugira uruhare mu bucuruzi bw’ibicuruzwa ku isi.Buri mwaka ubucuruzi butangiza miliyoni amagana ya toni ya plastiki.Muri 2018, Ubushinwa bwahagaritse kwinjiza imyanda myinshi ya pulasitike muri Amerika, ubu rero urwego rwose rukora plastike - kuva mu nganda za peteroli kugeza ku bicuruzwa bitunganyirizwa mu mahanga - rufite igitutu cyo kumenya icyo rwakora.
Gusubiramo byonyine ntibizakemura ikibazo cyimyanda, ariko benshi babibona nkigice cyingenzi cyingamba rusange zirimo no kugabanya ibipfunyika no gusimbuza ibintu byakoreshejwe hamwe nibikoresho bikoreshwa.
Iki kintu cyashyizwe ahagaragara ku ya 21 Kanama 2019. Iki ni igice cya NPR cyerekanwe na "Plastike Wave", cyibanda ku ngaruka z’imyanda ya plastike ku bidukikije.
Igihe cyoherejwe: Nyakanga-31-2023